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    Dougie

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    Dougie ?

    The “Dougie” is a dance move that anyone can learn and perform, but it became particularly popular in hip hop culture and youth communities when the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by Cali Swag District was released in 2010. While it’s not a “requirement” for any specific group of people, the dance was widely embraced by:

    1. Young people – The Dougie became a social trend among teenagers and young adults, especially in clubs and parties.
    2. Hip hop dancers – As part of the hip hop and urban dance scene, many dancers learned and performed the Dougie.
    3. Celebrities – Various celebrities and athletes, especially in the music and sports industries, were seen performing the Dougie, which further popularized the move.
    4. Fans of the song – Anyone who enjoyed the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” may have been encouraged to learn the move through the song’s music video or challenges on social media.

    In short, there’s no strict requirement to perform the Dougie, but it’s more of a fun and popular dance that was embraced by those who were part of the cultural trend.

    What is Dougie ?

    The “Dougie” is a hip-hop dance move that became widely popular in the early 2010s, particularly after the release of the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by the group Cali Swag District in 2010. The song and dance move became a viral sensation, largely thanks to social media platforms, and was embraced by both celebrities and the general public.

    Key Aspects of the Dougie Dance:

    1. Movement: The Dougie involves a series of steps that typically include swaying side to side while moving the arms and shoulders in a relaxed, fluid motion. It’s often done to the beat of a song, with a signature movement where one hand is placed behind the head (as if “brushing” the hair) while the other arm is used to emphasize the rhythm.
    2. Cultural Influence: The Dougie is rooted in hip-hop culture and was inspired by older dances from the 1980s. It’s named after Doug E. Fresh, an influential rapper from that era, but the style itself was popularized in the 2010s by Cali Swag District.
    3. Viral Sensation: The move gained massive popularity, especially among younger audiences, when it became featured in the viral music video for “Teach Me How to Dougie.” Celebrities, athletes, and social media influencers further helped spread the trend, incorporating the dance into various performances, commercials, and even sports celebrations.
    4. How it Works: The dance is simple and accessible, making it easy for people of all skill levels to try it. Its catchy rhythm and fun movements encouraged people to share their own versions of the Dougie on social media platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok.

    In essence, the Dougie is not just a dance but also a cultural movement that represents the influence of music, social media, and youth culture in creating viral trends.

    When is required Dougie ?

    The “Dougie” isn’t typically something that’s “required” in a formal sense, but it often comes up in specific social situations or cultural contexts where it’s either a fun thing to do or a popular trend. Here are a few situations where the Dougie might be “required” or encouraged:

    1. At a Party or Dance Event: If you’re at a party or club, especially in an environment where hip hop music is being played, people might start doing the Dougie as part of the fun.
    2. During a Dance Challenge or Trend: When the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” came out, many people were encouraged to learn the dance as part of a viral trend. Even now, social media challenges might involve dancing the Dougie.
    3. In Sports or Entertainment: Athletes or entertainers might do the Dougie as a celebratory gesture, like after a touchdown or during a live performance. It became quite popular as a fun, spontaneous move in pop culture.
    4. In Hip Hop Dance Competitions: While it’s not necessarily a required move, the Dougie might be performed in dance battles or competitions as a fun reference to hip hop culture.
    5. As Part of Pop Culture References: If you’re watching a music video or a movie scene that features the Dougie, it may feel like a required move to fit in or enjoy the experience.

    So, while the Dougie isn’t something that’s strictly required, it’s often encouraged in social settings where dancing is involved, particularly if the song or culture surrounding it is part of the vibe!

    Courtesy : Merrick Hanna

    Where is required Dougie ?

    The “Dougie” isn’t strictly required in any particular setting, but it’s typically seen in places or situations where dancing and popular culture are celebrated. Here are a few contexts where you might encounter or feel like performing the Dougie:
    1. At Parties and Clubs: Particularly at events where hip hop or upbeat dance music is played, such as at nightclubs, bars, or house parties. The Dougie often comes out when the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” is played.
    2. In Dance Battles or Competitions: In certain hip hop dance circles or casual dance battles, doing the Dougie might be part of the fun or even a challenge, especially when the song is played.
    3. Sports Events: The Dougie was often seen as a celebratory dance by athletes. After scoring a touchdown in American football or a goal in soccer, some athletes have been seen performing the Dougie in their celebrations, making it a fun “requirement” for the moment.
    4. Social Media and Online Challenges: During certain viral trends or challenges, especially in the 2010s, the Dougie was encouraged to be performed by people all over the world as part of a fun social media movement (e.g., TikTok challenges, YouTube tutorials).
    5. In Pop Culture References: It may also be seen in movies, music videos, or TV shows, where characters perform the Dougie as part of a dance scene or as a humorous reference to the popular dance trend.

    While there isn’t an official “requirement,” these are the kinds of places where performing the Dougie might feel natural or expected.

    How is required Dougie ?

    The “Dougie” isn’t a formal requirement, but if you want to perform it correctly, here’s how you can do it:

    1. Start with a relaxed stance: Stand with your feet about shoulder-width apart, and keep your body loose.
    2. Move your arms and shoulders: The Dougie involves a smooth motion with your arms and shoulders. Begin by swaying your shoulders side to side to the beat of the music.
    3. Use your hands: One key element of the Dougie is how you move your hands. Typically, you’ll start by “brushing” or “combing” your hair with one hand, like you’re pretending to fix your hair. You can switch hands or alternate between brushing your hair with one hand and moving your arms.
    4. Add personal style: The Dougie is all about personal expression, so feel free to add your own flair. Some people might add a head nod, snap their fingers, or move their body a little differently while keeping the basic movements intact.
    5. Keep it smooth and cool: The Dougie is supposed to look effortless and chill, so avoid stiff movements. Stay relaxed and focus on having fun with it.
    6. Follow the music: The Dougie works best with upbeat, hip hop music. When the beat drops, that’s when you can really let loose and sync your movements with the rhythm.

    So, while there’s no formal “requirement” for the Dougie, if you want to do it right, the key is to keep it smooth, relaxed, and fun! You don’t have to be perfect—it’s all about enjoying the dance and expressing yourself.

    Case study is Dougie ?

    It seems like you might be asking whether the “Dougie” can be considered a case study. While the Dougie itself isn’t typically classified as a formal case study, it can be examined as a cultural phenomenon or a trend, which could indeed be analyzed in a case study format. Here’s how the Dougie could be approached as a case study:

    Case Study: The Dougie Dance Phenomenon

    Background

    • The “Dougie” is a hip hop dance move popularized by the 2010 hit song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by Cali Swag District. The song and the associated dance became a viral sensation and part of popular culture, especially among youth.

    Key Themes for the Case Study

    1. Cultural Impact:
      • The Dougie became a symbol of a specific time in pop culture. It spread widely through social media platforms, music videos, and public performances, influencing dance and music trends.
    2. Viral Marketing:
      • The song’s success was significantly amplified by social media platforms like YouTube, where people uploaded their own versions of the Dougie. This user-generated content acted as viral marketing, propelling the song’s popularity.
    3. Youth Culture and Identity:
      • The Dougie was particularly popular among young people, becoming a way to express individual style and identity. It was also often used as a form of social interaction at parties and gatherings.
    4. Celebrity Endorsement:
      • Celebrities, athletes, and entertainers contributed to the widespread popularity of the Dougie. Performances by famous figures like athletes celebrating victories or celebrities dancing in music videos helped solidify the Dougie as a trendy move.
    5. Music and Dance Integration:
      • This case study could look at how music and dance are often inseparable in shaping youth culture. The release of a song can not only boost music sales but also inspire a dance move that defines a period of time.

    Analysis of the Dougie’s Influence

    • Social Media Impact: Platforms like Vine, Instagram, and YouTube played key roles in spreading the Dougie, making it a viral sensation.
    • Brand Integration: The Dougie was used in advertisements, TV shows, and public events, demonstrating its reach beyond just the music scene.
    • Long-term Relevance: Though the Dougie’s peak was in the early 2010s, the dance continues to be referenced in pop culture, showing how dance trends can have lasting impacts.

    Conclusion

    A case study on the Dougie could demonstrate how a dance move, paired with the right song and social media, can spread rapidly and become part of a global trend. The Dougie is an example of how modern pop culture is shaped by a combination of music, dance, and viral internet content, and how trends can influence identity and social behavior, especially among younger generations.

    In this way, the Dougie could be analyzed as a case study in cultural studies, marketing, or even sociology!

    Courtesy : Street Vibes

    White paper on Dougie ?

    Creating a white paper on the “Dougie” would be an interesting approach to understanding its cultural impact, the way viral trends form, and its influence on social behaviors, music, and dance. Here’s an outline and summary of what a white paper on the Dougie could include:

    White Paper: The Dougie Dance Move – A Cultural Phenomenon and Its Impact

    Abstract

    The Dougie is more than just a dance move; it is a viral cultural trend that highlights the intersection of music, social media, and youth culture. Emerging from the song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by Cali Swag District, the Dougie became a global sensation, influencing how dance trends spread and evolve in the age of digital media. This paper explores the rise of the Dougie, its impact on popular culture, and the broader implications of viral trends in the digital age.

    1. Introduction

    • Overview of the Dougie: Introduced through the 2010 hit song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by Cali Swag District, the Dougie dance became synonymous with the song and quickly became a viral phenomenon.
    • Purpose of the White Paper: This paper examines the cultural significance of the Dougie, its impact on social media, and its relevance in the context of modern dance and music.

    2. The Origins of the Dougie

    • The Music: The song “Teach Me How to Dougie” by Cali Swag District was released in 2010 and became a massive hit. The accompanying dance move, the Dougie, was integral to the song’s popularity.
    • Historical Context: Understanding the Dougie in the context of past dance trends like the “Macarena,” “Gangnam Style,” and other viral dance crazes. The Dougie’s timing with the rise of social media platforms played a crucial role in its widespread success.

    3. How the Dougie Went Viral

    • The Role of Social Media: YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram played a key role in spreading the Dougie. Dance tutorials, challenge videos, and celebrity endorsements on these platforms helped propel the dance into mainstream awareness.
    • Celebrity Influence: High-profile athletes, celebrities, and musicians incorporated the Dougie into their public appearances, further promoting its visibility. Notably, athletes performing the Dougie after touchdowns and goals contributed to its mainstream popularity.
    • User-Generated Content: A large part of the Dougie’s viral success came from fans and regular people creating and sharing their own interpretations of the dance on social media. This democratization of content creation helped the trend gain traction.

    4. The Cultural Significance of the Dougie

    • Youth Culture: The Dougie became an iconic dance move within youth culture, providing a means for self-expression and identity. It became a symbol of youth’s ability to engage with trends and express themselves through music and dance.
    • Dance and Music Integration: The Dougie shows the close relationship between music and dance in modern culture. The song and its dance were inseparable, each enhancing the popularity of the other.
    • Cultural Impact Beyond Music: The Dougie was not limited to music videos or parties—it transcended into everyday life, influencing television shows, movies, and even advertisements.

    5. The Business of Dance Trends

    • Marketing and Branding: The Dougie represents how brands and marketers can capitalize on viral trends. From advertisements featuring the dance to its use in sports promotions, the Dougie became a tool for branding.
    • Monetizing Viral Trends: This section would analyze how trends like the Dougie open opportunities for monetization, especially in industries like music, sports, and entertainment.

    6. The Future of Dance Moves and Viral Trends

    • Evolving Digital Culture: As social media platforms continue to evolve, the way trends like the Dougie spread may also change. The rise of TikTok and other short-form video platforms has created an environment for new dance trends to form quickly.
    • The Longevity of Viral Trends: While the Dougie had its peak in the early 2010s, its lasting influence on youth culture and social media challenges suggests that viral trends have staying power, even if their mainstream popularity fades.

    7. Conclusion

    The Dougie is a prime example of how music, dance, and social media come together to form a viral cultural trend. Its success showcases the power of digital platforms in creating global phenomena and its influence on youth culture, branding, and entertainment. By analyzing the Dougie, we can gain insights into how future trends will evolve in the digital age and the role that social media will continue to play in shaping culture.

    8. Recommendations

    • For Marketers: Utilize viral trends to engage with younger audiences. However, it is essential to understand the cultural significance and timing of trends.
    • For Educators and Researchers: Study the implications of viral trends on social behavior, youth culture, and the intersection of digital media and personal identity.
    • For Content Creators: Explore the potential for creating content that aligns with emerging viral trends to capitalize on engagement.

    References

    • A list of sources and studies related to viral trends, digital media’s influence on culture, and dance trends in popular music.

    This white paper would present a thorough analysis of how the Dougie became more than just a dance move, transforming into a defining cultural moment. It could be used as a case study for digital marketing strategies, youth culture, or the evolution of dance in popular media.

    Industrial application of Dougie ?

    While the “Dougie” dance move itself doesn’t have a direct industrial application in the traditional sense, there are a few creative ways in which its cultural influence and the concepts behind viral trends could be applied in an industrial or business context. Here’s how the “Dougie” and the broader concept of viral trends can be tied to industrial applications:

    1. Marketing and Branding Strategies

    The success of the Dougie shows how dance moves, music, and viral content can be leveraged for marketing. In an industrial or business context, understanding how cultural phenomena like the Dougie spread can help brands craft viral marketing campaigns. Here are some industrial applications:

    • Consumer Engagement: Industries, especially those in entertainment, retail, and fashion, can create viral challenges or trends based on catchy dances, similar to the Dougie, to drive engagement with their brands. For instance, brands in the fashion or beverage industry might create dance challenges that promote their products.
    • Branding with Social Media: The Dougie is an example of how a product (song) and a dance (Dougie) can become a marketing tool. Brands can create “dance campaigns” on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, or YouTube to encourage customers to interact with their products. By utilizing popular music or even creating their own brand-themed dance, they can tap into younger audiences.
    • Athlete and Celebrity Endorsements: Just like athletes and celebrities helped the Dougie gain popularity, industries can engage public figures for endorsement purposes, encouraging them to adopt certain moves or behaviors that boost a product’s appeal.

    2. Employee Engagement and Motivation in Corporate Settings

    In certain industrial environments, the concept of viral trends, like the Dougie, could be used creatively for team-building and employee morale:

    • Team Building Activities: Companies can incorporate dance challenges (such as the Dougie) into team-building activities to improve employee engagement, boost morale, and promote a positive work culture. Fun activities like this help reduce stress, foster creativity, and encourage camaraderie.
    • Wellness Programs: Some companies use dance and movement as part of employee wellness programs to promote physical health and improve workplace productivity. The Dougie or other dance routines can be part of these fun fitness programs.

    3. Entertainment and Event Planning

    The entertainment industry can benefit from viral dance moves like the Dougie by integrating them into live events, exhibitions, and industrial shows:

    • Corporate Events: At conferences, expos, or trade shows, incorporating a viral dance like the Dougie into the event could engage attendees and promote networking. Organizers could hold a dance-off, with the Dougie as the center of the event, to get participants energized and involved.
    • Industrial Shows and Trade Fairs: Industrial manufacturers and brands could use dance moves like the Dougie to break through the traditional formality of product launches or exhibitions, presenting their companies as innovative and in touch with modern culture. This could attract attention from younger generations or new customers.

    4. Research and Development in Digital Marketing

    • Studying Viral Trends: The Dougie, as a viral phenomenon, offers valuable insights into how trends spread digitally. Companies in industries like technology, media, and entertainment can use the principles behind viral content to improve their product development and marketing strategies. This could involve studying the viral patterns of dances, memes, and challenges to create their own products or services that resonate with a global audience.
    • Data-Driven Campaigns: The Dougie’s rise was heavily fueled by social media algorithms. Companies can use analytics to track the success of viral trends, identifying factors like timing, hashtags, and user engagement that contribute to the rapid spread of content. This can be applied to industries seeking to create viral advertising campaigns.

    5. Sociological and Cultural Insights for Consumer Industries

    • Cultural Sensitivity and Consumer Trends: Industries that deal with consumer products, particularly in fashion, beauty, or music, can study the cultural context of movements like the Dougie to better understand the preferences of different demographics. This allows companies to produce goods or services that align with popular culture and appeal to target audiences.
    • Influencing Youth Culture: The Dougie’s widespread popularity in youth culture highlights how industrial sectors catering to younger demographics (like tech, fashion, and entertainment) can influence consumer behavior. By tapping into viral trends, companies can better understand how trends emerge and use this information to influence consumer decisions.

    Conclusion

    While the Dougie itself is a dance move and not something traditionally “applied” in industry, its viral nature and the broader concept of leveraging social trends can be incorporated into various industrial strategies. From marketing campaigns and employee engagement to event planning and consumer behavior analysis, the cultural phenomenon surrounding the Dougie provides valuable lessons on the power of viral trends and their potential applications in the modern industrial landscape.

    Research and development of Dougie ?

    The “Dougie,” as a viral dance move, doesn’t have the same traditional form of research and development (R&D) as a product or technology might, but we can explore the idea of “research and development” in relation to how the Dougie became a cultural phenomenon and how similar trends might be studied or developed in the future.

    1. Understanding the Dougie’s Rise: Research Insights

    A. Sociocultural Research:

    • Origins of the Dougie: Researching how the Dougie emerged from a dance style associated with the Dallas, Texas, hip-hop scene can provide insight into the cultural influences behind its development. The “Dougie” name and move itself were inspired by a dance move popularized by rapper Doug E. Fresh in the 1980s, which was later adapted and modified into its modern form by Cali Swag District.
    • Demographics of the Dance: The Dougie gained popularity primarily among younger people, particularly in urban and social media-savvy demographics. Understanding this demographic and their relationship to viral content could guide future R&D efforts in the entertainment and digital sectors.

    B. Social Media and Digital Trends:

    • Role of Social Media Platforms: Platforms like YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram played a key role in the viral spread of the Dougie. R&D in digital media focuses on how trends like these can spread, with algorithms and social network effects amplifying content.
      • Viral Content Studies: Understanding the elements that make a dance or trend go viral can be considered an area of R&D. For example, research could be focused on the ideal combination of hashtags, influencer endorsements, and timing of content posting that maximizes visibility.
      • YouTube Analytics and Influencer Marketing: R&D could focus on how viral dance trends are promoted through influencer content, learning from the Dougie’s journey from a music video to social media challenges, and eventually to global recognition.

    2. Development of Dance-Based Viral Trends

    A. Dance Move Creation and Innovation:

    • Choreography Development: From a dance move perspective, R&D would focus on how the Dougie evolved into a recognizable move that could be easily learned and shared. Studying what makes certain dance moves “catchy” or viral (ease of execution, visual appeal, alignment with the music) could be part of a dance movement development process.
      • Choreographer Collaboration: R&D in choreography could include collaboration between artists, choreographers, and digital influencers to create future dance moves that are highly shareable. Examining the specific steps involved in the Dougie and similar dances could yield insights into how to create a universally appealing and simple-to-learn dance move.

    B. Music and Dance Synergy:

    • The Dougie was tied directly to a song—”Teach Me How to Dougie”—so R&D would focus on understanding how music can drive movement. The synergy between catchy music and a simple dance move is a key formula that future trends can benefit from.
      • Music Industry R&D: Studies in how specific beats, tempo, and rhythm in music influence dance creation would be valuable. For example, the Dougie’s success could inspire future research on what characteristics in music make it conducive to dance movements and viral trends.

    C. The Role of Technology in Dance:

    • Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): R&D into using AR/VR to teach or simulate dance moves like the Dougie could enhance the way people learn viral dances. Mobile apps like TikTok and Instagram already use effects that can help people mirror dance moves, and R&D can explore how to incorporate this technology further for educational or entertainment purposes.
    • Dance Simulation Algorithms: With the rise of AI, research into algorithms that can analyze dance moves (like the Dougie) and recreate them could be part of a broader R&D focus. This could include AI-generated choreography or virtual dance instructors.

    3. The Business of Viral Dance Moves

    A. Marketing and Branding R&D:

    • Studying Consumer Behavior: Brands looking to capitalize on viral trends like the Dougie could conduct R&D on how trends affect consumer behavior. For example, how do viral dance trends lead to increased engagement with brands or products? What’s the optimal timing for incorporating dance trends into marketing campaigns?
      • Viral Marketing: Investigating case studies of successful viral marketing campaigns featuring dance moves (like the Dougie) could help businesses understand how to create campaigns that connect with audiences. Research could include testing different social media strategies, content formats, and partnerships with influencers.

    B. Integration with Consumer Products:

    • Clothing and Merchandise: After the Dougie’s popularity, clothing brands and merchandise companies used the dance’s fame to create fashion lines and products tied to the dance. R&D in this area could focus on how to integrate viral cultural trends like the Dougie into product development and sales strategies. This could also extend to collaborations with musicians, dancers, and influencers to produce limited-edition items.

    C. Event Planning and Entertainment:

    • Dance-Related Experiences: Dance moves like the Dougie are often incorporated into live events, from music festivals to corporate gatherings. Research into how these trends can be used to boost engagement at live events could lead to better event planning strategies for the entertainment industry.
      • Interactive Experiences: Developing dance competitions or experiences that allow audiences to participate in viral dance moves, such as the Dougie, could be researched as part of experiential marketing or live event development.

    4. Long-Term Impact and Cultural Studies

    A. Sociological Research:

    • Impact on Youth Culture: The Dougie’s popularity is a reflection of the broader trends within youth culture, particularly how music, social media, and dance shape identities. Research into how these viral trends influence youth behavior, self-expression, and group dynamics could be vital in understanding the cultural implications of dance moves.
    • Cultural Appropriation and Trends: A sensitive topic to explore through R&D could be the discussion around cultural appropriation, where dance moves like the Dougie originated from a specific cultural group. Research can focus on the ethical aspects of viral trends, how they can be commercialized without exploitation, and how to give credit to the cultures that generate these trends.

    5. Future Research and Development Directions

    • Dance Education Apps: R&D can lead to the development of apps or platforms that teach viral dances like the Dougie in an engaging and interactive way, leveraging augmented reality or gamification to make learning fun and accessible to a global audience.
    • New Viral Trends: By analyzing the Dougie and other dance trends, R&D can create models that predict how the next viral dance trend will emerge. This could lead to the development of tools that can help influencers and creators predict the next big thing, helping them create content that resonates with audiences.

    Conclusion

    The research and development of the Dougie, while not traditional in the sense of industrial R&D, opens up interesting avenues for studying viral trends, dance culture, and their impact on music, digital platforms, and consumer behavior. Future R&D in this field could explore the relationship between music, dance, and social media to create the next generation of viral trends, while also considering the technological, cultural, and ethical dimensions of these phenomena.

    Courtesy : Will Kelly

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    34. ^ “Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – February 11, 2014”. RIAA. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2014.  Pabon, Jorge. “Physical Graffiti… The History of Hip Hop Dance”. DaveyD.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
    35. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 153.
    36. ^ Jump up to:a b “Breakdancing, Present at the Creation”. NPR. October 14, 2002. Archived from the original on October 18, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2009. ‘When you’re dealing with the b-boys and b-girls, you can take it… straight back to the Godfather of Soul,’ says DJ Afrika Bambaataa, who owns a place in the same musical lineage, as the Godfather of Hip Hop. He says that the song “Get on the Good Foot” inspired crowds to imitate the singer’s dance moves.
    37. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2005). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Menomonee Falls: Record Research. p. 85. ISBN 0898201608.
    38. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. “Toprockin’s structure and form fuse dance forms and influences from uprocking, tap, lindy hop, James Brown’s “good foot,” salsa, Afro-Cuban, and various African and Native American dances.”
    39. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 14.
    40. ^ Chang 2005, p. 138.
    41. ^ Chang 2006, p. 21. “The structure was different from b-boying/b-girling since dancers in b-boy/b-girl battles took turns dancing, while uprocking was done with partners.”
    42. ^ Hess, Mickey, ed. (2007). Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture. Vol. 1. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. xxi. ISBN 978-0313339035. Jamaican American DJ Kool Herc creates the beak beat by isolating the most exciting instrumental break in a record and looping that section so that the break played continuously.
    43. ^ Jump up to:a b c Chang 2006, p. 19. “DJ Kool Herc, originally from Jamaica, is credited with extending these breaks by using two turntables, a mixer and two of the same records. As DJs could re-cue these beats from one turntable to the other, finally, the dancers were able to enjoy more than just a few seconds of a break! Kool Herc also coined the terms ‘b-boy’ and ‘b-girl’, which stood for ‘break boys’ and ‘break girls.’ At one of Kool Herc’s jams, he might have addressed the dancers just before playing the break beats by saying, ‘B-Boys are you ready?! B-Girls are you ready?!’ The tension started to mount and the air was thick with anticipation. The b-boys and b-girls knew this was their time to ‘go off!’.”
    44. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. “Early influences on b-boying and b-girling also included martial arts films from the 1970s.”
    45. ^ Jump up to:a b Chang 2006, p. 24.
    46. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k Garofoli, Wendy (April 1, 2008). “Urban Legend”. Dance Spirit. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
    47. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l Freeman, Santiago (September 20, 2010). “Planet Funk”. Dance Spirit. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
    48. ^ Jump up to:a b c Seibert, Brian (October 26, 2004). “Breaking Down”. Village Voice. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2012. Although much hip-hop history is murky and contested, the legendary status of these men is clear. It’s the hip-hop label that’s questionable. Campbell grew up in Los Angeles. Solomon started out in Fresno, and later moved to L.A. “One thing that came out of the conferences,” says Harris, “is that the West Coast faction said they were not part of hip-hop. They got swallowed up by hip-hop”—an East Coast term and movement— “when they had never heard of it.” Their moves pre-dated hip-hop, at least in its popularized form, and they prefer the term “funk styles.” This concern with definitions and labels is partly a belated response to the international “breakdancing” fad of the early ’80s, when the mainstream media and Hollywood latched onto a variety of regional and individual styles, collapsing them into a single trend.
    49. ^ Jump up to:a b c Grob Plante, Stephie (October 25, 2016). “Dance, Dance Revolution”. Racked.com. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
    50. ^ “On hip-hop, cultural appropriation and being h-u-e-m-a-n | Medea Vox (academic podcast)”. Medea, Malmö University. December 5, 2019. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
    51. ^ Rivera 2003, p. 72. “With the barrage of media attention it received, even terminology started changing. ‘Breakdancing’ became the catch-all term to describe what originally had been referred to as ‘burning’, ‘going off’, ‘breaking’, ‘b-boying’, and ‘b-girling.’ Dance styles that originated in the West Coast such as popping and locking were also grouped under the term ‘breakdance.'”
    52. ^ Chang 2006, pp. 18–19. “Although dance forms associate with hip-hop did develop in New York City, half of them (that is, popping and locking) were created on the West Coast as part of a different cultural movement. Much of the media coverage in the 1980s grouped these dance forms together with New York’s native dance forms (b-boying/b-girling and uprocking) labeling them all “breakdancing”. As a result, the West Coast “funk” culture and movement were overlooked…”
    53. ^ Pagett 2008, p. 48.
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    55. ^ Pagett 2008, p. 33.
    56. ^ Kugelberg 2007, p. 17.
    57. ^ Brown, Lauren (February 18, 2009). “Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop’s Legacy”. Movmnt. Archived from the original on April 3, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
    58. ^ Chang 2005, p. 90.
    59. ^ Schloss 2009, p. 37.
    60. ^ Tony Cox (September 20, 2006). “Born in the Bronx: Mambo and Hip-Hop”. News & Notes (Podcast). NPR. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2010. Well, [Blacks and Puerto Ricans] lived, you know, they lived side-by-side. You know, previous to this there had been a gang era and people didn’t get around so much because it was dangerous. You know, the kids didn’t travel outside of their neighborhood so much. But largely thanks to people like Kool Herc and Afrika Bambaataa, who started holding jams and inviting people from all over and trying to establish peace in the communities, people began to come together… The earliest and first B-boys were black. When Latinos started breaking they were emulating what they saw, you know, the black people doing.
    61. ^ Jump up to:a b Schloss 2009, p. 16.
    62. ^ Rivera 2003, p. 75. “…Puerto Ricans had been and were still key in the development of the b-boy/b-girl dance styles; most of the better known breaking crews (Rock Steady Crew, the Furious Rockers, Dynamic Rockers, New York City Breakers) were primarily Puerto Rican.”
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    64. ^ Chang 2005, pp. 117, 136–137.
    65. ^ Jump up to:a b DJ Hooch 2011, p. 20.
    66. ^ Chang 2006, p. 20. “The transition between top and floor rockin’ was also important and became known as the ‘drop.'”
    67. ^ DJ Hooch 2011, p. 27.
    68. ^ Weisbard, Eric, ed. (October 2007). That’s the Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. Durham: Duke University Press Books. p. 259. ISBN 978-0822340416. Uprockers or “Rockers” battle throughout the duration of a complete song—from beginning to the end while in a line formation called the “Apache Line”. The Apache Line allows two opposing dancers or Crews (dance groups) to face each other and execute their Burn gestures towards one another.
    69. ^ Chang 2006, p. 21. “There were also the ‘Apache Lines’ where one crew stood in a line facing the opposing crew and challenged each other simultaneously.”
    70. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, p. 129. “The Apache Line was basically two opposing lineups of dancers standing face-to-face doing the step toward each other. This simple shuffle step was done in a repeated manner.
    71. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, p. 138. “Even the Burns (thrusting motion to disrespect your opponent) and Jerks (dropping down) terminology became synonymous with B-Boy slang.
    72. ^ Guzman-Sanchez 2012, pp. 33–35.
    73. ^ Jump up to:a b Guzman-Sanchez 2012, p. 41.
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    77. ^ Jump up to:a b Chang 2006, p. 22.
    78. ^ Chang 2006, p. 23. “Dancers in Los Angeles also distorted the name by calling it “pop-locking”, while in France it was called “The Smurf”.
    79. ^ Jump up to:a b c Chang 2006, p. 23. “Sam’s creation, popping, also became known as the unauthorized umbrella title to various forms within the dance. past and present. Some of these forms include Boogaloo, strut, dime stop, wave, tick, twisto-flex, and slides.”
    80. ^ Jump up to:a b c Zamora, Jim (March 10, 2007). “Architeckz look to build outlet for Oakland youth / Dance troupe channels emotions through ‘turf dancing,’ a younger sibling of 1980s break dancing”. SFGate. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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    86. ^ Jump up to:a b Harss, Marina (August 2014). “Mesmerizing Moves”. Dance. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013. Jookin’ is an integral part of the African-American culture of the city. Developed in Memphis in the 1980s, jookin’—and other related forms like the gangsta walk, buckin’, and choppin’—is a localized derivation of hip-hop dance. Memphis hip-hop has a particular sound, with rat-a-tat-rhythms, and a bit of a soul-funk lilt. “A little southern-ness and a basement-like quality, a homemade feel,” is how [Charles “Lil Buck” Riley] describes it. The dance originated as a kind of walking step with a strong rhythmic bounce punctuated by staccato lifting of the knees, like walking on hot coals. As it evolved, the gliding footwork was added, as well as the popping and waving, and, finally, the icing on the cake: Dancers started using the tips of their sneakers to balance on pointe.
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